Yana ɗaukar aiki mai yawa don ƙirƙirar flanges na walda, kuma saboda manyan flanges na walda suna da irin wannan farashin masana'anta, preheating koyaushe ya zama dole. Lalacewar albarkatun ƙasa da tsarin nakasar da ke da alaƙa da yanayin zafi da halayen injina na ƙirar lissafi ana kiranta flange simulation na kwamfuta. Ana aiwatar da wannan tsari na nakasawa tare da taimakon na'urar kwaikwayo ta kwamfuta a kowane lokaci lokacin da yanayin damuwa, damuwa, da rarraba zafin jiki ya kasance. Na'urar kwaikwayo ta jiki da na'urar kwaikwayo ta kwamfuta na iya tallafawa da haɓaka juna. Butt walda flanges suna da ƙwazo don yin, kuma ana buƙatar preheating da yawa saboda yawan kuɗin da ake kashewa na yin manyan flanges na walda. Flange simulation na kwamfuta shine kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don bayyana yadda albarkatun ƙasa ke lalacewa da kuma yadda yanayin zafin jiki da kayan aikin injin ɗin nakasar ƙirar lissafi. Ana amfani da simintin kwamfuta don aiwatar da wannan tsarin nakasa a duk lokacin da yanayin damuwa, damuwa, da rarraba zafin jiki suka cika. Na'urar kwaikwayo ta kwamfuta da kwaikwaiyon jiki na iya amfana da juna da kuma haɗa juna.
Tsarin flange na Turai, wanda ya haɗa da tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, yana wakiltar DIN Jamus, kuma tsarin flange na Amurka yana wakiltar bututun ANSI na Amurka. Waɗannan ƙa'idodi guda biyu sune manyan waɗanda ake amfani da su a duniya. Filashin bututun JIS na Jafananci wani zaɓi ne, kodayake tasirinsu na ƙasa da ƙasa ya ragu saboda yawanci ana amfani da su don ayyukan jama'a ne kawai a wuraren petrochemical. Mai zuwa shine taƙaitaccen bayani na flanges bututun da ake amfani da su a kowace ƙasa:
1.Jamus da tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet su ne mambobi biyu na tsarin tsarin Turai.
2.The ANSI B16.5 da ANSI B 16.47 American tsarin bututu flange nagartacce.
3.There daban casing flange nagartacce ga kasashen biyu' Game da bututu flanges.
A ƙarshe, nau'ikan flange guda biyu daban-daban da kuma waɗanda ba za a iya musanya su ba waɗanda ke yin daidaitattun daidaitattun bututun bututun su ne kamar haka: Tsarin flange na bututun Turai, wanda Jamus ke wakilta; da tsarin flange na bututun Amurka, wanda Amurka ke wakilta.
The International Organization for Standardization buga bututu flange misali da aka sani da IOS7005-1 a 1992. Wannan misali hadawa da bututu flange matsayin daga Jamus da kuma Amurka.
1.NPS:DN15-DN3000, 1/2"-120"
2. Matsakaicin Matsala: CL150-CL2500, PN2.5-PN420
3.Standard: EN, DIN, JIS, GOST, BS, GB
4.Material:
① Bakin Karfe: 31254, 904/L, 347/H, 317/L, 310S, 309, 316Ti, 321/H, 304/L, 304H, 316/L, 316H
②DP Karfe: UNS S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760
③ Alloy karfe: N04400, N08800, N08810, N08811, N08825, N08020, N08031, N06600, N06625, N08926, N08031, N10276
